Overview
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Overview(Updated on 20th October 2010 )
Bihar is a state in eastern India having its capital at Patna. Bihar is bounded in north by Nepal, south by Jharkhand, east by West Bengal and west by UP. It continues to be one of the most populous states of India having projected population of 98 million Bihar’s population is mixed of all the religions.
The state of Bihar has 37 districts. The area of the districts ranges from 443 sq km (Sheohar) to 5,228 sq km (Paschim Champaran). As per census 2001, the most populated district is Patna with the population of 4,718,592 and the least populated district is Sheohar with the population of 515,961.
The state is historically very important as it has remnants of the empire of Ashoka the Great, and the first democracy of the world named Vaishali. The state is also famous for Vikramshila University, birth place of Sikh guru Guru Govind Singh Ji and many more. In addition, Bodh Gaya and Gaya is internationally famed spot for Buddhists and Hindu pilgrimage. Despite such a rich past, 70% of the population is still living below poverty line. To add to the problem natural calamities like floods keep occurring at regular intervals.
Essential leprosy indicators
| Year | Pop. (In Mn) |
Cases Det. (1 Apr- 31 Mar) |
Bal. Cases (As on 31 Mar) |
AN CDR |
PR | MB % |
Child % |
Gr1 % |
Gr2 % |
Fem % |
| 99-00 | 98.2 | 172,449 | 145,257 | N.A. | 15.2 | 38.5 | 12.9 | N.A. | 3.2 | N.A. |
| 00-01 | 82.9 | 101,607 | 110,664 | N.A. | 9.3 | 36.5 | 15.4 | N.A. | 2.1 | N.A. |
| 01-02 | 84.9 | 120,080 | 77,330 | 144.9 | 11.0 | 34.4 | 15.4 | N.A. | 2.2 | N.A. |
| 02-03 | 87.1 | 94,561 | 93,709 | 108.6 | 8.6 | 32.0 | 16.1 | N.A. | 1.5 | 40.1 |
| 03-04 | 89.2 | 32,887 | 44,351 | 36.9 | 3.9 | 28.6 | 19.1 | N.A. | 0.7 | 39.8 |
| 04-05 | 91.5 | 40,395 | 44,351 | 44.1 | 1.8 | 29.9 | 18.4 | N.A. | 0.9 | 39.4 |
| 05-06 | 93.8 | 25,835 | 16,532 | 27.6 | 1.3 | 35.4 | 15.7 | N.A. | 1.4 | 36.2 |
| 06-07 | 96.1 | 21,350 | 12,166 | 22.2 | 1.1 | 36.0 | 14.9 | N.A. | 2.2 | 36.2 |
| 07-08 | 98.5 | 19,041 | 10,158 | 19.3 | 1.0 | 37.1 | 15.0 | 2.10 | 2.4 | 35.9 |
| 08-09 | 100.9 | 20,086 | 10,771 | 19.89 | 1.07 | 36.99 | 16.64 | NA | 2.01 | 36.48 |
| 09-10 | 103.5 | 21431 | 11221 | 20.7 | 1.08 | 37.53 | 15.99 | 1.8 | 1.96 | 37.38 |
Source: Central Leprosy Division, GOI
Note: N.A. represents that the figures were not calculated by GOI in the relevant years.
ANCDR=Annual New Case Detection Rate per 100,000 population; PR=Prevalence Rate per 10,000 population; MB=Multibacillary; PB= Paucibacillary; Gr 1= Grade 1 Disability (WHO); Gr 2=Grade 2 Disability (WHO)
Analysis of the table
As can be seen in the above table, there has been steady decline in both “Prevalence Rate” and “Annual New Case Detection Rate” since 2002-03 till 07-08.Since 2008-09 we can see slight increase in ANCDR & PR due to involvement of ASHAs in case detection However, there has not been any significant change in proportion of “MB cases”. “Children” proportion & “Grade 2 Disability” amongst new cases shows sligh decline,proportion of “Females” cases shows increasing trend ,which may be due to involvement of ASHAs. Trends of proportion of Gr 1 disability cases can not be commented upon because the data about Gr 1 cases has been collected from the year 2007-08 only.
NLR in Bihar
NLR India started its support to NLEP, first in Bihar in the year 1996 through the Damien Foundation India Trust. However, the direct support was started through its branch office at Delhi from the year 2000. Only 5 out of a total of 38 districs of Bihar i.e. Patna, Bhojpur, Buxar, Aurangabad and Nawada are supported by NLR. In the year 2000, District Technical Support Teams (DTSTs) were placed in these districts to strengthen General Health Care (GHC) system to provide leprosy services under an integrated set up. This support continued till March 2007, when the MOU between GOI and ILEP agencies ended. With the new MOU (2007-12), NLR has placed one senior “Leprosy Programme Advisor (LPA)”, to support District Nucleus of all 5 NLR supported districts. This LPA is a medical doctor with training in leprosy and a long experience of working in public health activities. This LPA is visiting all the above five districts and transferring his skills, and providing guidance to DN so that DN improves their supervisory activities and in turn quality of leprosy services are improved to be provided through GHC staff.
In the following table links are provided to the pages containing information about geography, demography, health system, leprosy epidemiology, activities supported by NLR, GHC staff, their training status, and contact info for all the five district supported by NLR - India.
NLR India is working in two ways:
- By strengthening the leprosy control programme i.e. NLEP
- By providing support to rehabilitation, which starts from providing support to NLEP in self care and socio-economic rehabilitation; this, however, also involves other organizations and departments. Therefore two different columns/district pages are used (Support & Rehabilitation) as can be seen in the table below. In the column Additional Info, access to key documents will be made in future.
|
District (5) |
Map |
District profile |
Program Support |
Reha- |
Additional Info |
| Patna | ...more... | ...more... | ...more... | ...more... | ...more... |
| Buxar | ...more... | ...more... | ...more... | ...more... | ...more... |
| Bhojpur | ...more... | ...more... | ...more... | ...more... | ...more... |
| Nawada | ...more... | ...more... | ...more... | ...more... | ...more... |
| Aurangabad | ...more... | ...more... | ...more... | ...more... | ...more... |
Branch Office
Bihar